For the critical outcome of survival to hospital discharge, there was moderate-quality evidence (downgraded for risk of bias due to lack of blinding) from 1 RCT of 90 subjects showing reduced 30-day mortality (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.53–1.68) when subjects were assigned to strict (4–6 mmol/L) versus moderate (6–8 mmol/L) glucose control.(Oksanen 2007, 2093) One before-and-after observational study of 119 subjects provided very-low-quality evidence (downgraded for multiple potential confounding variables) of reduced in-hospital mortality (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.76) after implementation of a bundle of care that included defined glucose management (5–8 mmol/L).(Sunde 2007, 29) The effect of glucose management cannot be separated from the effects of other parts of the bundle.